Following World War 1, WV miners experienced depressed economic times and heavy-handed treatment by Mine Operators.

Earlier issues and conflicts stimulated a growth in Union activity, during 1920-1921. The Mine Owners reacted punitively and brought in thugs and scabs There were shootings and violence.
Armed striking Miners, numbering 5,000 to 8,000, marched to Logan and Mingo Counties.
Mining Company armed 'Detectives', Deputies, anti-Union supporters, and WV National Guard troops, made up a 'defensive' force numbering around 1,200 men.

The opposing forces exchanged gun fire at Blair Mountain. There are claims 1 million rounds were fired.
When President Harding sent U.S. Troops to the area, the Miners laid down their arms, refusing to fire on U.S. Soldiers.

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